Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Modal and Modal Phrases (Semi-Modals)

A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, permission or obligation. Modal phrases (or semi-modals) are used to express the same things as modals, but are a combination of auxiliary verbs and the preposition to. The modals and semi-modals in English are:

1. Can/could/be able to
2. May/might
3. Shall/should
4. Must/have to
5. Will/would

Can, Could, Be Able To

Can, could and be able to are used to express a variety of ideas in English:

Ability/Lack of Ability

Present and Future:

can/can’t + base form of the verb

1. Tom can write poetry very well.
2. I can help you with that next week.
3. Lisa can’t speak French.

am / is / are / will be + able to + base form of the verb
am not/ isn’t / aren’t/ won’t be + able to + base form of the verb

1. Mike is able to solve complicated math equations
2. The support team will be able to help you in about ten minutes.
3. I won’t be able to visit you next summer.

Past:

could / couldn’t + base form of the verb

1. When I was a child I could climb trees.

was / were + able to + base form of the verb
wasn’t / weren’t + able to + base form of the verb
hasn’t / haven’t + been able to + base form of the verb

1. I wasn’t able to visit her in the hospital.
2. He hasn’t been able to get in touch with the client yet.

Note: Can and could do not take an infinitive (to verb) and do not take the future auxiliary will.

• Incorrect: I can to help you this afternoon.
• Correct: I can help you this afternoon.
• Correct: I will (I’ll) be able to help you this afternoon.

Possibility / Impossibility

can / can’t + base form of the verb

1. You can catch that train at 10:43.
2. He can’t see you right now. He’s in surgery.

could + base form of the verb

1. I could fly via Amsterdam if I leave the day before.

Ask Permission / Give Permission

Can + Subject + base form of the verb (informal)

1. Can you lend me ten dollars?

Can + base form of the verb (informal)

1. You can borrow my car.

Could + subject + base form of the verb (polite)

1. Could I have your number?
2. Could I talk to your supervisor please?

Make a suggestion – To make a suggestion use:

Could + base form of the verb (informal)

1. You could take the tour of the castle tomorrow.

Exercises: Can, Could, Be able to

Fill in the correct form of can, could or be able to as in the examples.

1. Ben could not help his little brother with his homework yesterday.
2. Can I call you later tonight?

1. _______ Tony run long distances when he was a boy?
2. ______ you please call a tow truck for me? My car broke down. (polite)
3. The students _______ to buy their textbooks today. The bookstore is all out of them.
4. ______ you teach me how to fix my computer? You’re so good at it.
5. ______ you ______ reach the customer if you call him at 4:00 his time?

Answers:

1. Could
2. Could
3. aren’t able
4. Can
5. Will/be able to

May, Might

Formal Permission / Formal Prohibition

may / may not + base form of the verb

1. You may start your exam now.
2. You may not wear sandals to work.

Polite Request

May + subject + base form of the verb

1. May I help you?

Possibility / Negative Possibility

may/ might + base form of the verb

1. We may go out dinner tonight. Do you want to join us?
2. Our company might get the order if the client agrees to the price.

may not / might not + base form of the verb

1. Adam and Sue may not buy that house. It’s very expensive.
2. They might not buy a house at all.

To Make a Suggestion (when there is no better alternative)

may as well / might as well + base form of the verb

1. You may as well come inside. John will be home soon.
2. We might as well take Friday off. There’s no work to be done anyway.

Polite Suggestion

might + base form of the verb

1. You might like to try the salmon fillet. It’s our special today.

Exercises: May / Might

Fill in the correct form of may or might as in the example.

1. May I sit here?

1. They ______ finish the project on time. The main engineer is ill.
2. You _____ want to stop by the museum gift shop on your way out.
3. _____ I have your autograph?
4. He _______ visit the Louvre. He’s in Paris anyway.
5. You ______ park your car here. It’s reserved for guests of the hotel only.

Answers:

1. might not
2. might
3. May
4. may as well
5. may not

Shall, Should, Ought to

To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite sure of a positive answer)

Shall + subject + base form of the verb

1. Shall we go for a walk?

Note: Shall is only used with I or we. It is used instead of will only in formal English.

To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are not sure of a positive answer)

Should + subject + base form of the verb

1. Should I call a doctor?

A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen

should/shouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. The proposal should be finished on time.
2. I shouldn’t be late. The train usually arrives on time.

To Give Advice

should / ought to + base form of the verb

1. You should check that document before you send it out.
2. You ought to have your car serviced before the winter.

To Give Advice (about something you think wrong or unacceptable)

shouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. James shouldn’t teach him words like those.

Exercises: Should, Shouldn’t, Ought To

Fill in should, shouldn’t or ought in the following sentences as in the example.

1. He shouldn’t encourage such bad behavior.

1. You _____ get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.
2. The house ______ be ready to move into by next month. It’s almost finished.
3. Ron ________ to improve his attitude. If he doesn’t, he might get fired.
4. ________ I get your jacket? It’s cold in here.
5. You ________ put your feet on the table. It’s not polite.

Answers:

1. should
2. should
3. ought
4. shall
5. shouldn’t

Must, Have to, Need to, Don’t have to, Needn’t

Necessity or Requirement

Present and Future:

must / have to / need to + base form of the verb

1. You must have a passport to cross the border.
2. Elisabeth has to apply for her visa by March 10th.
3. I need to drop by his room to pick up a book.

Past:

had to / needed to + base form of the verb

1. I had to work late last night.
2. I needed to drink a few cups of coffee in order to stay awake.

Note: have to and need to are often used in the same context, but many times, need to is used to express something that is less urgent, something in which you have a choice.

Almost 100% Certain

must + base form of the verb

1. Thomas has lived in Paris for years. His French must be very good.

To Persuade

must / have to + base form of the verb

1. You must try this wine. It’s excellent.
2. You have to visit us while you’re in town.

Prohibited or Forbidden

must not / mustn’t + base form of the verb

1. You must not drive over the speed limit.
2. You mustn’t leave medicines where children can get to them.

Lack of Necessity

don’t /doesn’t /didn’t + have to + base form of the verb

1. You don’t have to park the car. The hotel valet will do it for you.
2. Tim doesn’t have to go to school today. It’s a holiday.
3. You didn’t have to shout. Everyone could hear you.

needn’t + base form of the verb

1. You needn’t worry about me. I’ll be fine.

Exercises: Must, Have to, Need to, Don’t Have to, Needn’t

Fill in the blanks with one of these modals:
must, must not, have to, has to, don’t have to, doesn’t have to, needn’t as in the examples.
There may be more than one correct answer.

1. Shira doesn’t have to drive to the airport. She’s going by taxi.
2. You must speak politely to the customers.

1. You ______ tell Anna about the party tomorrow night. It’s a surprise! (must not, need to, doesn’t have to)
2. Tina _______ register for her classes on Monday, otherwise she won’t get a place in them. (doesn’t have to, mustn’t, has to)
3. You ________ send that fax. I’ve already sent it. (must, will have to, don’t have to)
4. A dog ______ get special training in order to be a guide dog. (must, need to, don’t have to)
5. Jeremy _______ get up early tomorrow. His class was cancelled. (mustn’t, doesn’t have to, don’t need to)

Answers:

1. must not
2. has to
3. don’t have to
4. must
5. doesn’t have to

Modals: Will / Would

will / won’t + base form of the verb

1. John will pick you up at 7:00am.
2. Beth won’t be happy with the results of the exam.

Polite Request or Statement

Will / Would + base form of the verb

1. Will you please take the trash out?
2. Would you mind if I sat here?
3. I’d (I would) like to sign up for your workshop.

Habitual Past Action

Would/Wouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. When I was a child, I would spend hours playing with my train set.
2. Peter wouldn’t eat broccoli when he was a kid. He loves it now.

Exercises: will, would

Fill in the blanks with one of the following words: will, won’t, would, wouldn’t.

1. Will you please help me lift this box?

1. I ______ like to order the onion soup please.
2. The manager _______ be pleased to hear that a customer slipped on the wet floor.
3. _______ it be okay if I slept here tonight?
4. When Igor lived in Russia, he ________ call his mother as often as he does now.
5. I can assure you sir, the order ______ be shipped out tonight.

Answers:

1. would
2. won’t
3. would
4. wouldn’t
5. will

Exercises – All Modals

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the following modals:
can, could, be able to, may, might, shall, should, must, have to, don’t have to, need to
– You may have to make the modals negative according to the context of the sentence.
– There may be more than one possibility.

1. He has to take his car to be serviced. The brakes are squeaking.
2. Would you please save me a seat at the dinner event.

1. If you are sick, you ________ go to work. You’ll infect everyone there.
2. Drivers _______ stop at red lights.
3. You _______ finish the proposal today. You can finish it tomorrow.
4. She ______ hear much better with her new hearing aids.
5. ______ I order us a bottle of wine?
6. Sam ______ pick his daughter up from school. She’s taking the bus home.
7. You _____________ smoke here. It’s a smoke-free building.
8. You ________ eat so many sweets. They are bad for you.
9. _________ you mind walking a little faster? We’re going to be late.
10. I’m sorry. I _______ help you. I don’t know how to do it.

Answers:

1. shouldn’t
2. must
3. don’t have to
4. can
5. shall
6. needn’t
7. mustn’t
8. shouldn’t
9. would
10. can’t

Types of Question

1.      5W1H Question

Who

Identify the characters in the reading and make a list of them.

Draw connecting lines between the characters and describe to yourself the relationship between the characters.

What

Identify the events or actions and make a list of them.

Draw connecting lines between the events or actions to show the relationship between  them.

Draw connecting lines between the characters and the events as you describe to yourself the relationship between them.

Where

Identify all the places in the reading and make a list of them.

Draw connecting lines between places, events and characters as you describe to yourself the relationship among them.

When

Identify all the time factors in the reading and make a list of them.

Draw connecting lines between time factors, places, events and characters as you describe to yourself the relationship among them.

Why

Identify causes for events of actions and make a list of them.

Draw connecting lines from the causes to effects on the characters, events, places, or times as you describe to yourself the relationship among them.

How

Identify the way events took place and make a list of them.

Draw connecting lines between the way events took place and other factors as you describe to yourself the relationship among them

Function :

5W1H question is to gather, analyze and present information from the simplest to the most complex.

Examples :

What time did you come home ?

Where is your school ?

Who is that ?

When do you got to work ?

How long did you stay at work?

Why don’t you help me ?

Pattern :

What /Who + Verb + subject + Verb  ?

Where/When/Why + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb ?

How + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb ?

2.      Yes/No Question

A yes-no question is an interrogative construction (such as "Are you ready?") that expects an answer of "yes" or "no." Also known as a polar interrogative, a polar question, and a bipolar question. Contrast with wh- question.

Example :

Are you an angel?

Are you just going to stand there all day?

Function :

Typically, pollsters ask questions that will elicit yes or no answers. Is it necessary to point out that such answers do not give a robust meaning to the phrase 'public opinion'

Pattern :

(if the sentence has helping verb but is main verb be)

Be(am/is/are/was/were) + S (+Complement) ?

(If the sentence doesn’t have  helping verb and isn’t main verb be)

Do/does/did + S + main verb ?

3.      Tag Question

Question tags are the short questions that we put on the end of sentences – particularly in spoken English. There are lots of different question tags but the rules are not difficult to learn.

Example :

Positive

He’s a doctor, isn’t he?

You work in a bank, don’t you?

Negative

He had met him before, hadn’t he?

This isn’t working, is it?

Function :

Question tags are an important part of everyday communication and perform many different functions. For example, they can be used to get a conversation started or keep it moving; they can soften an order to do something or they can be a more polite way to request information.

Pattern :

Linking Verb “be” / Auxiliary Verb +/- Not + Pronoun

High Strung

Synopsis :

It is about a street violinist named Johnnie and a dancer named Ruby. Johnnie is the one who try to be American Citizen but he was deceived. Then he met a girl named Ruby when he lost his violin in the subway. Ruby is the one who help me to find his violin and then they become a lover. Ruby and Johnnie try to reach their dream together and going to a String and Dance Competition. 

Zootopia

Synopsis :

Judy Hopps the rabbit that have a dream to become a police in zootopia. Once she become a police, she got a case about missing people. She got help from Nick Wilde the fox to find the missing people. Judy and Nick adventure to find those missing animal. And they find out who is the mastermind behind this event.

The Hobbit : Unexpected Journey

Synopsis :

Bilbo Baggins (Martin Freeman) lives a simple life with his fellow hobbits in the shire, until the wizard Gandalf (Ian McKellen) arrives and convinces him to join a group of dwarves on a quest to reclaim the kingdom of Erebor. The journey takes Bilbo on a path through treacherous lands swarming with orcs, goblins and other dangers, not the least of which is an encounter with Gollum (Andy Serkis) and a simple gold ring that is tied to the fate of Middle Earth in ways Bilbo cannot even fathom.

Anthropoid

Synopsis :

In 1939, Hitler conquered Czechoslovakia. Reinhard Heydrich is the right hand of Hitler in Czechoslovakia. He also known as The Buthcer of Prague. Operation Anthropoid was an operation to assassinate Reinhard Heydrich that masterminded by seven parachutist that were sent to Czechoslovakia by Czechoslovakia government in London, Britain. Operation Anthropoid cause thousands lives. The seven parachustist have to survive under the Nazi quest.

The Jungle Book

Sypnosis :

Raised by a family of wolves since birth, Mowgli (Neel Sethi) must leave the only home he's ever known when the fearsome tiger Shere Khan (Idris Elba) unleashes his mighty roar. Guided by a no-nonsense panther (Ben Kingsley) and a free-spirited bear (Bill Murray), the young boy meets an array of jungle animals, including a slithery python and a smooth-talking ape. Along the way, Mowgli learns valuable life lessons as his epic journey of self-discovery leads to fun and adventure.

Active and Passive Voice Sentance

ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE

Active voice
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
    These examples show that the subject is  doing the verb's action.
            
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.

Passive voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.
    Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
            
Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
NOTE:   Colorful parrots live in the rainforests cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence does not have a direct object.
To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:
    1.  Move  the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject  slot
             
    2. Place the active sentence's subject into a  phrase beginning with the preposition by
              
    3.  Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the  main verb's form
              
Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.
As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in  active voice  flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in  passive voice.
             
            
It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.

To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.
    1.  Move  the passive sentence's subject into the active  sentence's  direct object slot
             
    2.  Remove  the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed
            
    3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.
           
Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.
The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when

• the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence

             Examples
             

• the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action

            Examples
               

• the writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety.

Tense	Active voice	Passive voice
Simple Present Tense	Subject + infinitive + object E.g.  The grocer sells fresh vegetables.	S + to be + past participle + by object E.g.  Fresh vegetables are sold by the grocer.
Present Continuous Tense	Subject + to be (is, am, are) being + present participle + object E.g.  My boss is giving many assignments.	S + to be (is, am, are) + being + past participle + by object E.g.  Many assignments are being given by my boss.
Present Perfect Tense	Subject + has/have + past participle + object E.g.   I have taken him out.	S + have/has been + past participle + by object E.g.  He has been taken out by me.
Simple Past Tense	Subject + past participle + object E.g.  He built a large house.	S + was/were + past participle + by object E.g.  A large house was built by him.
Past Continuous Tense	S + was/were + being + past participle + object E.g  She was cooking dinner.	S + was/were + being + past participle +by object E.g.  Dinner was being cooked by her.
Past Perfect Tense	Subject + had + past participle + object E.g.  She had posted the letter.	S + had been + past participle + by object E.g.  The letter had been posted by her.
Simple Future Tense	Subject + will + infinitive + object E.g.  I will give you a present.	S + will + be + past participle + by object E.g.  A present will be given to you by me.
Future Perfect Tense	Subject + would + infinitive + object E.g.  The doctor shall have examined ten patients by 10 O’clock.	S + would + be + past participle + by object E.g.  Ten patients will have been examined by 10 O’clock by the doctor.

A. Active and Passive sentences in Simple Present- Active sentences in Present tense menggunakan Kata kerja 1
- Passive sentences in present tense menggunakan am/is/are + kata kerja 3
Example :
a.(Active) : I turn the light off at bed time
(Passive) : The light is turned off at bed time
b.(Active) : We import a lot of cars from japan
(Passive) : A lot of cars are imported from japan
c.(Active) : Recless drivers cause many accidents
(Passive) : Many accidents are caused by recless drivers
d. (Active) : Road accidents injure many people every day
(Passive) : Many people are injured in road accidents every day
e.(Active) : We export oil to other countries
(Passive) : Oil is exported to other countries

B. Active and Passive sentences Past Tense
- Kalimat aktif dalam Past tense menggunakan Kata kerja ke-2
- Kalimat pasif dalam Past tense menggunakan was/ware + kata kerja ke-3

Example :
a.(Active) : They signed the agreement
(Passive) : The agreement was signed by them
b.(Active) : Lightning struck the tree last week
(Passive) : The tree was struck by lightning last week
c.(Active) : The bad news shocked me yesterday
(Passive) : I was shocked by the bad news yesterday
d.(Active) : Steven took my picture
(Passive) : My picture were taken by steven
e.(Active) : I told him to come back the next day
(Passive) : He was told to come back the next day

C.Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam bentuk Present Continuous- Kalimat Aktif dalam present Continuous Kata kerja ke-1 + ING
- Kalimat Pasif dalam present Continuous am/is/are + being + kata kerja ke-3

Example :
a.(Active) : They are looking at you
(Passive) : You are being locked at by them
b.(Active) : The men are cutting down the trees
(Passive) : The trees are being cut down
c.(Active) : The police officer is questioning the bad boys
(Passive) : The bad boys are being questioned by the police officer
d.(Active) : The committee is considering your proposal
(Passive) : Your proposal is being considered by the committee
e.(Active) : They are decorating my room
(Passive) : My room is being decorated

D. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Past Continuous- Kalimat Aktif dalam past continuous menggunakan Was/Were + Kata kerja ke-1 + Ing
- Kalimat Pasif dalam past continuous menggunakan Was/Were + Being + Kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : He was teaching me at ten o’clock yesterday
(Passive) : I was being taught at ten o’clock yesterday
b.(Active) : They were beating up the thief until the police arrived
(Passive) : The thief was being beaten up until the police arrived
c.(Active) : The doctor was examining you when we talked with a nurse
(Passive) : You were being examined when we talked with a nurse
d.(Active) : They were following us when we walked to the park
(Passive) : We were being followed when we walked to the park
e.(Active) : He was advising the children when you went out
(Passive) : The children were being advised when you went out



E.Kalimat Akif dan Pasif dalam Present Perfect
- Kalimat aktif dalam present perfect menggunakan Have/Has + Kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat Pasif dalam present perfect menggunakan Have/Has + been + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : A mosquito has bitten me
(Passive) : I have been bitten by a mosquito
b.(Active) : We have warned him about that
(Passive) : He has been warned about that
c.(Active) : They have signed the agreement
(Passive) : The agreement has been signed
d.(Active) : We have delivered the catalog
(Passive) : The catalog has been delivered
e.(Active) : Has the government changed the regulation yet?
(Passive) : Has the regulation been changed yet?

F. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam bentuk Past Perfect
- Kalimat Aktif dalam past perfect menggunakan had + kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat pasif dalam past perfect menggunakan had been + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : Johnson had bought my horse when you met us
(Passive) : My horse had been bought by Johnson when you met us
b.(Active) : Paul told me that somebody had hit him
(Passive) : Paul told me that he had been hit by someone
c.(Active) : Somebody had hurt the woman when she reported to the police
(Passive) : The woman had been hurt when she reported to the police
d.(Active) : The kitchen looked better yesterday. Somebody had cleaned it
(Passive) : The kitchen looked better yesterday. It had been cleaned
e.(Active) : A tree was lying across the road. The storm had blown it down
(Passive) : A tree was lying across the road. It had been blown down in the storm

G.Kalimat Aktif dan pasif dalam bentuk Simple Future
- Kalimat Aktif menggunakan Future tense menggunakan Shall/Will + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat Pasif menggunakan Future tense menggunakan Shall/Will + be + kata kerja ke-3

Example :
a.(Active) : We shall serve dinner to the guests in ten minutes
(Passive) : Dinner will be served to the guests in ten minutes
b.(Active) : We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready
(Passive) : You will be sent your examination results as soon as they are ready
c.(Active) : They will advise me about the price of the books
(Passive) : I shall be advised about the price of the books
d.(Active) : We shall make a decision at the next meeting
(Passive) : A decision will be made at the next meeting
e.(Active) : Our company will employ twenty new men next month
(Passive) : Twenty new man will be employed by our company next month

H. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Future Perfect
- Kalimat aktif dalam Future Perfect menggunakan shall/will + have + kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat pasif dalam Future Perfect menggunakan shall/will + have + been + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : At ten o’clock we shall have checked the machines
(Passive) : At ten o’clock the machines will have been checked
b.(Active) : We shall have finished this programmer in a few days
(Passive) : This programmer will have been finished in a few days
c.(Active) : By the end of the day you will have done the exercise
(Passive) : The exercise will have been done by the end of the day
d.(Active) : Tomorrow Paul will have fed the rabbits by six o’clock
(Passive) : Tomorrow the rabbits will have been fed by six o’clock
e.(Active) : I shall have woken Susan by midnight
(Passive) : Susan will have been woken up by midnight

I. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Must
- Kalimat aktif menggunakan ”Must” : Must + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat pasif menggunakan ”Must” : Must + be + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active) : I must carry out this plan
(Passive) : This plan must be carried out
b.(Active) : You must not leave the baby alone
(Passive) : The baby must not be left alone
c.(Active) : You must obey the law
(Passive) : The law must be obeyed
d.(Active) : We must protect wild animals
(Passive) : Wild animals must be protected
e.(Active) : We must punish criminals
(Passive) : Criminals must be punished

J.Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam CAN
- Kalimat aktif menggunakan CAN : CAN + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat pasif menggunakan CAN : CAN + be + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
a.(Active): You can practice English every day
(Passive): English can be practiced every day
b.(Active) : We can’t cheat them
(Passive) : They can’t be cheated
c.(Active) : Children can see this film
(Passive) : This film can be seen by Children
d.(Active) : You can borrow my motorbike
(Passive) : My motorbike can be borrowed
e.(Active) : They can arrange a meeting
(Passive) : A meeting can be arranged

Explanation Transitive Verb
Transitive verb or transitive verb is a verb form that requires an object. The purpose of the object which is to equip pengertianya. Transitive verb can not stand on its own without a noun or pronoun that make it up.
Explanation Intransitive Verb
In contrast to transitive verb that needs an object, intransitive verb is a verb that does not need the object as a complement. intransitive verb active verb form

Example of Transitive Verb In Sentence

·         My mom made me a birthday cake (ibuku membuatkan aku sebuah kue ulangtahun)

·         I throw my rubbish in the floor (aku melempar sampahku ke lantai)

·         The man rent his car for us (laki-laki itu menyewakan mobil nya pada kita)

·         we will eat the food that you buy (kami akan memakan makanan yang kamu beli)

·          my daddy bought me an interesting novel (ayahku membelikan aku sebuah novel yang menarik)

Examples of  Intransitive Verb In Sentence

·         he always smile Although he is sad (dia selalu tersenyum meskipun dia sedang bersedih)

·         they fall from the tree (mereka jatuh dari pohon)

·         they die because the accident (mereka meninggal karena kecelakaan)

·         Please sit there! (Tolong duduk disana)

·         The sun rises in the east (matahari terbit dari timur)

Differences Transitive And Intransitive

     Transitive: Transitive verbs that require object
     Intransitive: intransitive verb that does not require an object.

Passive Voice TOEFL Sample Questions and Discussion

1.  This is a very popular TV program. Every week it … by millions of people.
   a. Watches
   b. Is being watched
   c. Is watched
   d. Has watched
   Jawaban : C
2. Black, red, and even bright pink diamonds .....
    a. Occasionally to find

           b. Occasionally found

             c. Have occasionally been found

             d. Have occasionally found

             Jawaban : C

        3. Mr. Indra demanded thorough research, complete and a well-written ____ report.

               a. investigate

                 b. investigates

               c. investigation

              d. investigating

                 

                  Jawaban : D

         4.   If you try again, you _____ it well.

   a.    Will do

   b.     Could do

   c.     Has done

   d.    Would do

     Jawaban : A

5. Do you know that the new rules about smoking . . . by government for the time being.

                a. Are discussing

                b. Are discussed

                c. Is being discussed

                d. It is discussed

                 Jawaban : C

REF

http://cdac.olabs.co.in/?sub=84&brch=23&sim=186&cnt=1

http://www.studyandexam.com/passive-voice-for-modal.html

http://www.k12reader.com/term/transitive-and-intransitive-verbs/

http://tenses101.weebly.com/future-tenses.html

http://gatotbukankaca.weebly.com/bahasa-inggris-2--d.html

http://www.geniuslang.com/2016/05/soal-toefl-active-participle.html

https://webapps.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm